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Quinto Sol was the first fully independent publishing house to surface from the Chicano radicalism movement in the Sixties. Editorial Quinto Sol (Quinto Sol Publications) was founded in 1967 at UC Berkeley by Octavio I. Romano, a Professor of Behavioral Science and Public Health, in collaboration with Nick C. Vaca and Andres Ybarra.〔 The name “Quinto Sol” is Spanish for "Fifth Sun" and it refers to the Aztec myth of creation and destruction. Since the beginning of the Chicano movement in the 1960s, this concept has become a pathway to cultural expression. The Fifth Sun has constantly been integrated into the music, art and literature of the Chicano idea.〔Herrera-Sobek, María. Celebrating Latino Folklore: An Encyclopedia of Cultural Traditions. Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 2012. Online.〕 The goals of the publication house included "cultural unity and self-determination"〔^ a b Martín-Rodríguez, Manuel M., Life in Search of Readers: Reading (In) Chicano/a Literature. University of New Mexico Press, 2003.:18〕 and the publishing house, its authors, and the works they produced were centrally important in the Chicano Movement in the 1970s.〔 Aiming to create an academic and literary outlet for Chicano voices, it originated from the movement’s need of an unbiased artistic venue for Mexican American authors. Literary nationalism was, after all, the driving cultural force behind “El Movimiento” (Chicano Movement) at the end of the 1960s〔Lopez, Dennis. "Good-Bye Revolution?Hello Cultural Mystique: Quinto Sol Publications and Chicano LiteraryNationalism." JSTOR. N.p., 2010. Web. 16 Nov. 2013.〕 == Publishing == Beginning in 1967, Quinto Sol published the interdisciplinary ''El Grito: A Journal of Contemporary Mexican-American Thought''. This was the first national academic and literary journal ever published in the United States.〔 The journal, whose name is Spanish for "the Shout," was "intended to raise awareness at what we could call a pan-Chicano/a nationalistic level".〔 Considered an intellectual and independent critical space, it became a place where Chicano(a) scholars, authors and artists could work to debunk the “culture of poverty” and other negative stereotypes attributed to Mexican Americans by scientists, other literature works and the media. As the editorial developed, the journal was used to expand Chicano expression and self-definition.〔 The authors published in ''El Grito'' drew attention to the biases in academic realms regarding Mexican-Americans and attempted to rectify these blind spots.〔A Literary History of the American West. Fort Worth: Texas Christian UP, 1987. Online.〕 Quinto Sol released ''Voices: Readings from El Grito: A Journal of Contemporary Mexican-American Thought'', which was a compilation of the most important works published in the journal.〔 A second expanded edition of ''Voices'' was published two years later. The texts became an important resource for those wanting to learn about the newly instituted discipline of Chicano Studies. ''El Grito'' also published advertisements geared towards high schools and other university departments to stress the importance of Quinto Sol materials in the classroom.〔 Finally, in 1969, Quinto Sol released the first edition of ''El espejo--The Mirror'', the first anthology of Mexican-American literature.〔 The works published by Quinto Sol in the 1970s were often written in Spanish or engaged in code switching between English and Spanish. The Chicano Movement in general, and the works, drew heavily from Anglo-American culture, the experiences of Mexican-Americans, and Aztec mythology. The Quinto Sol publishing house played an essential role in establishing Chicano literature as a distinctive body of work and giving Chicano writers a sense of belonging in a literary community. Quinto Sol contributed to the careers of a number of writers whose work is now recognized as canonical Chicano literature. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Quinto Sol」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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